特征观点
特朗普，Trudeau和我们其他人

2019年5月6日 - 没有政治标题，几乎没有一天，遗憾的是，大多数头条新闻与任何对制造商有所不同的东西，但立法者所做的重要政策就没有。

值得客观地审查这些政策，独立于有关他们所属的领导人​​或各方的先入为主政治概念。当你这样做时，你可能会出现一些意想不到的结论：被认为的右倾向的美国政府提供了积极的社会和环境管理的催化剂，并且在社会和环境意识的加拿大政府的政策中感到欣慰的是朝着相反的方向取代该国。

影响北美所有制造商的最重要政策是新的美国 - 墨西哥加拿大协议（USMCA），它取代了北美自由贸易（北美自由贸易局）协议。新协议中的两个最大差异是原籍国规则和新的劳动规定。这主要是特朗普政府的议程，导致NAFTA重新谈判并被USMCA取代。

Under the new agreement, cars must have 75 per cent of their components manufactured in Mexico, the U.S., or Canada to qualify for zero tariffs (up from 62.5 per cent under the old NAFTA), and 40 to 45 per cent of the parts have to be made by workers who earn at least $16 an hour by 2023. Mexico has also agreed to pass laws giving workers the right to union representation, extending labour protections to migrant workers, and protecting women from discrimination. These are policies usually more associated with the “left” than the right, but they were initiated by the U.S. The rationale may have been that U.S. factory jobs would be protected by creating a more competitive playing field for U.S. operations, but the net result is also improved working and social conditions for Mexican workers, and their society in general.

汽车工业在上个世纪的许多国家创造了一个健康的中产阶级，但墨西哥尚未成为其中之一。在美国和加拿大，平均汽车工厂工人的年收入大约是它们产生的产品成本的两倍 - 2：1的比例。在墨西哥，比例很可能是0.5：1，这意味着普通工人不太可能负担他们帮助建立的汽车。在我看来，这不是汽车公司的做法，因为大多数人都认识到他们的工厂不仅仅是建造汽车 - 他们也有助于为他们建立消费市场。(Ford initially created the middle class by literally doubling wages, forcing all manufacturers to do the same to attract workers. Toyota has often stated, and demonstrated, that they “will build their cars where their customers are buying their cars.”) Trump’s policy may have been intended for the U.S. worker, but it will have significant positive impact for the Mexican workforce as well.

与此同时，在加拿大，Trudeau政府的碳税和能源政策可能对制造业产生显着的负面影响。由于亚洲和欧洲汽车制造商争抢北美的开放组装或一级供应厂，因此由于新的税收和已经高的能量成本，加拿大的制造成本较高，而且可能最终可能最终植物北边。